I-LAist yinxalenye ye-Southern California Public Radio, inethiwekhi yoluntu yemidiya yoluntu exhaswa ngamalungu.Ngeendaba zamva nje zelizwe ezivela kwi-NPR kunye notyelelo lwethu lukanomathotholo oluphilayo LAist.com/radio
Ukuba uyema ngeSustain LA ekuqaleni kuka-2020, uya kufumana ukhetho olubanzi lwe-eco-friendly, ikhaya elizinzileyo kunye neemveliso zokhathalelo lomntu.Izisongelo zokutya eziwaxed, iibhola ze-organic dryer bool, iibrashi zamazinyo ze-bamboo, i-vegan floss-yonke into oyifunayo ukuphelisa ubudlelwane bakho obuyityhefu kunye neplastiki yokusetyenziswa kanye.Kungcono emva kwexesha kakhulu kunangaphambili, akunjalo?
Indawo epholileyo ye-boutique i-Highland Park igxile kakhulu kwiimpahla ezibola ngokwenene kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma (ngokungafaniyo nezinto ezininzi esizithengayo).Musa ukuziva unetyala ukuba awuhambi nayo yonke inkunkuma yakho ngetoti enye.Injongo apha asikokwenza abantu balahle izinto, kodwa kukusinceda sinciphise ubungakanani benkunkuma esiyivelisayo.Lo msebenzi ubaluleke kakhulu ngoku njengoko wawunjalo ngaphambi kwe-COVID-19.Kodwa ukuhlala ngaphandle kwenkunkuma kuye kwaba ngumqobo omkhulu njengoko ubhubhani uvaliwe ngokuzisa iibhegi zakho kwivenkile ethengisa ukutya kunye neengxowa eziphindwe kabini ukuze uzikhuphe.
Nangona iiplastiki ezisetyenziswa kanye kuphela azikhuselekanga kunezinye iindlela ezinokusetyenziswa kwakhona, abathengi abaninzi abanenkxalabo malunga nokusasazeka kwezifo bayazisebenzisa kwakhona.(Asizibandakanyi izixhobo zokuzikhusela ezilahlwayo ezinje ngemaski kunye namakhaka obuso.) Kwihlobo elidlulileyo, amanye amakhaya aseMelika enze inkunkuma engama-50% ngaphezulu kunangaphambi kokuqhambuka kwe-COVID-19.
Ngaba uthando lwaseMelika oluvuselelweyo lweplastiki luya kuba luthando lwexesha elifutshane okanye umtshato wexesha elide?Ixesha liya kubonakala.Okwangoku, iivenkile zenkunkuma zisazama ukusinceda sikhabe umkhwa weplastiki.
I-Sustain LA umseki u-Leslie Campbell akakwazi ukuqikelela ikamva, kodwa uyazi ukuba uluhlu lwevenkile yakhe lutshintshe kakhulu enyakeni.
Ivenkile isathengisa izitya ze-bamboo kunye neengca zensimbi ezingenasici, kodwa "ezo ntengiso zehle ngokukhawuleza," kusho uCampbell."Isaniti yesandla, isicoci sempahla kunye nesicoci sezandla, zininzi iintengiso ngoku."
Ukulungiselela olu tshintsho, uCampbell, njengabanye abaninzi abanini beevenkile zezinto eziphilayo, kwafuneka balungelelanise imodeli yabo yeshishini ngexesha lokurekhoda.
Phambi kobhubhane, iSustain LA ibonelele ngesikhululo segesi esisevenkileni apho abathengi banokuzisa izitya ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe (okanye bathenge ekuhlaleni) kwaye baphinde bathenge kwizicoci ezinobuhlobo kokusingqongileyo, isepha, iishampu kunye neloshini.Basenokuphinda bathenge izinto zobuqu ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe okanye ziboleke njengeendiza neebrashi zamazinyo.I-Sustain LA iphinda irentise i-glassware, i-drinks, i-crockery kunye ne-cutlery ukunceda abathengi ukunciphisa inkunkuma yomcimbi.
"Ngesivumelwano, sibe nexesha elixakekileyo lomtshato wasentwasahlobo kunye nehlobo kwaye zonke izibini zethu zirhoxisiwe okanye zitshintshe izicwangciso," utshilo uCampbell.
Nangona ivenkile esevenkileni yamiswa xa iLos Angeles County yakhupha iodolo yayo yokuqala yokuhlala ekhaya phakathi kuMatshi, iSustain LA yavunyelwa ukuba ihlale ivulekile kuba ithengisa izinto eziyimfuneko ezinjengesepha kunye nesicoci sempahla.
“Sibe nethamsanqa.Sichithe iintsuku ezininzi siodola ngefowuni, sifota lonke uluhlu kwaye sisenza ivenkile ekwi-intanethi, ”utshilo.
UCampbell ufake i-pickup engenakuchukunyiswa kwindawo yokupaka ivenkile, ehambisa izinto ezifana nesepha kunye neshampu kwizikhongozeli zeglasi ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe abathengi abanokubuyisela idiphozithi.Iqela lakhe liye lazandisile iinkonzo zonikezelo kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokuthumela ngenqanawa.Baye basebenza neSebe Lezempilo Loluntu laseLos Angeles, kwaye ngo-Agasti, abathengi banikwa imvume yokuzisa izitya ezicocekileyo zaseCampbell evenkileni ukuze zibulawe iintsholongwane kunye nokuzaliswa kwakhona.
Umphambili wevenkile uhambile ukusuka kuluhlu olonwabisayo lweemveliso eziphilayo ukuya kwindawo yokugcina impahla.UCampbell kunye nabasebenzi bakhe abasibhozo bazisa iimveliso ezongezelelweyo ezingeyonkunkuma ngokusekelwe kwizicelo zabathengi.Uluhlu oluphambili ziithoyi zekati ezenziwe kwikati kunye noboya begusha.Nditsho neekati zinokudikwa xa zivalelwe zodwa.
“Senze uphuculo oluncinci endleleni,” utshilo uCampbell.Irenti yemisitho emincinci yaqala ukunyuka ngexesha lasehlotyeni nasekwindla, kodwa yahlala imile emva kokuba imiyalelo yendawo yokuhlala ikhutshiwe ngoNovemba.Ukusukela nge-21 kaDisemba, i-Sustain LA isavulekele ukubuyiswa kwevenkile kunye nenkonzo yabathengi, kodwa kubathengi ababini kuphela ngexesha.Bakwaqhubeleka nokubonelela ngeenkonzo zokungaqhagamshelwa kunye nokuhanjiswa kwangaphandle.Kwaye abathengi bahlala beza.
Ngaphandle kobhubhane, okoko kwavulwa iSustain LA ngo-2009, eyona njongo kaCampbell ibikukwenza kube lula ukuba abantu bakhuphe iplastiki, kodwa akukhange kube lula.
Ngo-2018, i-US yenze malunga ne-292.4 yezigidi zeetoni zenkunkuma eqinileyo kamasipala, okanye i-4.9 yeeponti ngomntu ngosuku.Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, inqanaba lokuphinda lisetyenziswe kwilizwe lethu liye laguquguquka kwinqanaba le-35%.Xa kuthelekiswa, izinga lokuphinda lisetyenziswe eJamani limalunga nama-68%.
“Njengelizwe, sibi kakhulu ekusetyenzisweni kwakhona,” utshilo uDarby Hoover, igosa eliphezulu lezibonelelo kwiBhunga leSizwe lezoKhuselo.“Asisebenzi kakuhle.”
Ngelixa ezinye izithintelo zisusiwe - iivenkile zegrosari zaseCalifornia zibuyele ekusebenziseni iibhegi ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe, nokuba kufuneka uzisebenzise ukupakisha igrosari yakho - ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma yeplastiki kuyanda kwilizwe lonke.Indawo yokusebenzela yeplastiki isebenzisa ubhubhane kunye neenkxalabo zayo malunga namanyathelo ococeko ukulwa nokuvalwa kweplastiki yangaphambi kwe-COVID-19.
Phambi kwe-Covid-19, umlo ochasene neplastiki e-US wawusanda, urhulumente emva kokuvalwa kokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezinje ngeengxowa zeplastiki zegrosari.Kule minyaka ilishumi idluleyo, kuye kwakho iivenkile ezithengisa inkunkuma kwizixeko ezikhulu zehlabathi, kuquka iNew York, iVancouver, iLondon neLos Angeles.
Impumelelo yeZiro Waste store ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kumthengi.Abavelisi abaninzi abazange bakukhathalele ukumosha, ukupakishwa okungafunekiyo—kwaye abakakwenzi oko.
Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, iivenkile zegrosari ezilawulwa ngumabhalane zaziyinto eqhelekileyo ngaphambi kokuba iimarike zibe “ziphezulu”.Xa ungena kwezi venkile, unikezela ngoluhlu lwakho lwezinto ozithengayo aze umabhalane akuqokelelele yonke into, elinganisa izinto ezifana neswekile nomgubo osuka kwiibhaskithi.
"Ngelo xesha, ukuba ufuna i-25-pound bag yeshukela, awuzange ukhathalele ukuba ngubani othengisayo, ukhathalele kuphela ixabiso elihle," kusho uJohn Stanton, unjingalwazi wentengiso yokutya kwiYunivesithi yaseSt. Joseph ePhiladelphia.
Yonke into yatshintsha ngo-1916 xa uClarence Saunders wavula iMarike yePiggly Wiggly yokuqala eMemphis, eTennessee.Ukunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza, wagxotha abasebenzi basevenkileni waza wenza imodeli yokuthengisa igrosari.Abathengi banokuthatha inqwelo yokuthenga kwaye bakhethe iimveliso ezipakishwe kwangaphambili kwiishelufu ezicocekileyo.Abathengi akufuneki balinde abathengisi, oko konga ixesha.
“Ukupakishwa kufana nomthengisi,” utshilo uStanton.Ngoku ekubeni oomabhalane bengasaqokeleli iimpahla zabantu, iimveliso kufuneka zibambe ingqalelo yabathengi ngokuzijika zibe ziibhodi zezaziso ezincinci.“Iinkampani kufuneka zibonise ukuba kutheni kufuneka uthenge iswekile yethu hayi ezinye iimpawu,” utshilo.
Ukupakishwa okuhambelana ne-ad kwakukho ngaphambi kweevenkile ezithengisa ukutya, kodwa xa i-Saunders yazisa i-Piggly Wiggly, iinkampani zandisa iinzame zazo zokwenza ukuba ukupakishwa kwazo kubonakale.UStanton ucaphula amaqebengwana njengomzekelo.I-cookie elula ngoku idinga iileya ezimbini zokupakishwa: enye ukuyigcina ilindile kwaye enye izibhengeze.
IMfazwe Yehlabathi II yanyanzela abavelisi ukuba baphucule ukupakishwa kwabo.Umbhali-mbali kawonke-wonke kunye nomzobi wegraphic uCorey Bernath uchaza ukuba ngexesha lemfazwe, urhulumente wobumbano watyhala abavelisi ukuba bavelise ukutya okuhlala ixesha elide okunokuthunyelwa kumajoni ngezixa ezikhulu.Emva kwemfazwe, ezi nkampani zaqhubeka nokuvelisa ezi mveliso kwaye zaphinda zapakishwa kwimarike yoluntu.
“Ilungele ishishini, bakulungele ukuvelisa ezi zinto.Uyithengisa nje kwaye uyipakishe kwakhona, kwaye voila, unesonka samasi esilula kunye nesidlo sangokuhlwa seTV,” utshilo uBurnett.
Abavelisi bokutya bagxile ekudibaniseni nasekusebenzeni kakuhle.Iplastiki ekhaphukhaphu kunye neyomeleleyo ibanceda bafezekise ezi njongo.UBernat ukhomba uthelekiso phakathi kweglasi kunye neebhotile zeplastiki ukusuka kwiminyaka yoo-1960 kunye neyee-1970.Ngaphambi kokufika kweplastiki, intengiso yakhuthaza abathengi ukuba babuyise iibhotile zeglasi kwaye bahlawule idiphozithi ukuze abavelisi baphinde basebenzise.Kuthatha ixesha kunye nezibonelelo, yiyo loo nto iibhotile zijike zaba yiplastiki, engaqhekezi njengeglasi kwaye ibe khaphukhaphu.Abathengi phakathi kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini babethanda iplastiki.Ziyinyani yeentsomi zenzululwazi, umqondiso wempumelelo kunye nesimanje semijukujelwa.
“Emva kwemfazwe, abantu babecinga ukuba ukutya okunkonkxiweyo kucocekile kunokutya okusandul’ ukukhenkceza okanye okukhenkcezisiweyo.Ngelo xesha, abantu banxulumanisa ukutsha kunye nococeko nokupakishwa, ”utshilo uBurnett.Iivenkile ezinkulu ziqalisa ukupakisha ukutya kwiplastiki ukuze zikhuphisane neemveliso ezihlaziyiweyo.
Amashishini akhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kweplastiki.“Besiphinda sisebenzise izinto, kodwa iinkampani ziyitshintshile loo nto.Yonke into elahlayo yeyakho kwaye ungasuka uyilahle ngaphandle kokucinga ngayo,” utshilo uBurnett.
"Kukho imimiselo embalwa eyenza ukuba abavelisi babe noxanduva lokuphela kobomi beemveliso zabo," watsho uSustain LA's Campbell.
EMelika, oomasipala banoxanduva olukhulu lokuphuhlisa nokuxhasa ngezimali iinkqubo zabo zokurisayikilisha.Inxalenye yale mali ivela kubahlawuli berhafu, inxalenye yokuthengiswa kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo.
Ngelixa uninzi lwabantu baseMelika benokufikelela kuhlobo oluthile lwenkqubo yokurisayikilisha, nokuba kukukhutshelwa komda, ukwehla, okanye indibaniselwano yazo zombini, uninzi lwethu lwenza uninzi “lweebhayisekile ezinqwenelekayo.”Ukuba sicinga ukuba inokuphinda isetyenziswe, siyiphosa emgqomeni ozuba.
Ngelishwa, ukurisayikilishwa akulula kangako.Iingxowa zegrosari zeplastiki, ngelixa ziphinde zisetyenziswe, zithintela izixhobo zokurisayikilisha ekwenzeni umsebenzi wazo.Izikhongozeli zokukhupha kunye neebhokisi zepizza ezinamafutha zihlala zingcolisekile kukushiyeka kokutya ukuze ziphinde zisetyenziswe.
Abavelisi abaqinisekisi ukuba ukupakisha abakuvelisayo kuya kusetyenziswa kwakhona, utshilo uHoover.Thatha, umzekelo, ibhokisi yejusi.I-Hoover iphawula ukuba ngokuqhelekileyo yenziwe ngomxube wephepha, i-aluminium, iplastiki kunye neglue.Ngokwethiyori, uninzi lwale mathiriyeli inokuphinda isetyenziswe.“Kodwa eneneni liphupha elibi lokuphinda lisetyenziswe,” utshilo uHoover.
Iimveliso ezenziwe kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezihlanganisiweyo kunzima ukuzicwangcisa ngomlinganiselo omkhulu.Nokuba unezinto ezenziwe ngohlobo olufanayo lweplastiki, ezinjengeebhotile zesoda kunye nezikhongozeli zeyogathi, azinakuphinda zisetyenziswe kunye.
"Iibhotile zinokuthi zifakwe i-injection kunye nezikhongozeli ze-yogurt ziyakwazi ukubunjwa, eziza kutshintsha indawo yazo yokunyibilika," kusho uHoover.
Ukwenza izinto zibe nzima ngakumbi, iChina, eyayikhe yaphinda yasebenzisa malunga nesiqingatha senkunkuma enokuphinda isetyenziswe ehlabathini, ayisayamkeli inkunkuma eninzi yelizwe lethu.Kwi-2017, i-China yamemezela ukuqaliswa komda wexabiso lenkunkuma ethathiweyo.NgoJanuwari 2018, iChina yavala ukungeniswa kweentlobo ezininzi zeplastiki kunye nephepha, kwaye izinto ezihlaziyiweyo kufuneka zihlangabezane nemigangatho engqongqo yongcoliseko.
“Asinawo amanqanaba aphantsi ongcoliseko kwinkqubo yethu,” utshilo uHoover.“Ngenxa yokuba izinto eziphinda zisetyenziswe eMelika zingena kumgqomo omnye omkhulu, iphepha elixabisekileyo elihlala ecaleni kwezo bhokisi zinamafutha adla ngokubekwa emlilweni.Kunzima ukufikelela loo migangatho.”
Endaweni yoko, izinto ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe ezakhe zathunyelwa e-China ziya kuthunyelwa kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma, zigcinwe kwiindawo zokugcina, okanye zithunyelwe kwamanye amazwe (mhlawumbi i-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia).Kwanamanye ala mazwe, anjengeMalaysia, akruqukile yimiphumo yemekobume yenkunkuma engapheliyo yaye sele eqalisa ukuthi hayi.Njengoko siphucula amaziko ethu okurisayikilisha asekhaya ukuphendula ukuvalwa komsebenzi waseTshayina, sijongene nombuzo: singayeka njani ukudala inkunkuma engaka?
UCampbell kunye nosapho lwakhe baphila ubomi obungafunekiyo iminyaka elishumi.Kulula ukulahla iziqhamo zeplastiki ezijingayo eziphantsi, ezisetyenziswa kanye njengeengxowa zokuthenga, iibhotile zamanzi kunye nezikhongozeli zokukhupha, utsho.Umceli mngeni kukutshintsha izinto zasendlini ezifana nesicoci sempahla yokuhlamba impahla, ishampu kunye nesibulala-vumba kwizikhongozeli zeplastiki ezomeleleyo.
“Ijagi ngokwayo iseyisikhongozeli esiluncedo kakhulu nesihlala ixesha elide.Akukho ngqiqweni ukuyilahla rhoqo,” utshilo.Sustain LA wazalwa.
UCampbell uqaphela ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kubalulekile kwinkunkuma eyizero.Iingqayi zokuhlamba iimpahla zeplastiki zisenokungabi njenge-Instagram-zifanelekile njengezikhongozeli zeglasi ezintle, kodwa ngokuphinda usebenzise kwaye ugcwalise lo mbhem umkhulu, unokuwugcina ukhuselekile kumjelo wenkunkuma.Nokuba ngale ndlela inyathelo ngenyathelo lokurisayikilisha, usenakho ukunqanda ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zokusetyenziswa kanye ekupheliseni kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma.
Daniel Riley ka Riley General Store, ongenayo ivenkile yezitena kunye nodaka kodwa inikezela ngeenkonzo eSan Gabriel Valley, uyakuqonda ukubaluleka kokufudukela kwinkunkuma engu-zero.
“Siphila ubomi obuxakeke kakhulu kwaye akunyanzelekanga ukuba sibeke inkunkuma yethu kwijagi yeglasi ekupheleni konyaka.Iinkampani kufuneka ziphendule ngokwenza ukupakishwa okuhlala ixesha elide, ”utshilo uRiley.
Kude kube lelo xesha, iya kujolisa ekuzalisweni ngokutsha kweemveliso ezizinzileyo zekhaya kunye nezokhathalelo lomntu.
“Injongo yam kukubonelela ngezongezelelo ezifikelelekayo kwaye ndiyijonge ngendlela eqhelekileyo yokubonelela ngeemveliso ezifunwa ngabantu bendawo yam,” utshilo.
KwiVenkile kaRiley ngokubanzi, ebibhiyozela unyaka wayo wokuqala ngoNovemba, ukuvalwa kwengontsi ngo-Matshi kunyuse imfuno yabathengi, ngakumbi isicoci sempahla kunye nesepha.
“Ibe yimpumelelo kuba ukuziswa kwam sele kungaqhagamshelwanga,” utshilo uRiley, esongeza ukuba okwangoku akahlawulisi ngokuziswa.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-03-2023