Rhoqo ngonyaka, umndilili waseMelika usebenzisa inkunkuma engaphezulu kwama-250 eeponti zeplastiki, uninzi lwayo luvela kwipakethe.Senza ntoni ngayo yonke lento?
Iinkonkxa zenkunkuma ziyinxalenye yesisombululo, kodwa uninzi lwethu aluqondi ukuba yintoni emaluyifake apho.Into enokurisayikilishwa kwenye indawo isenokuba yinkunkuma kwenye.
Olu phononongo olusebenzisanayo lujonga ezinye zeenkqubo zokuphinda zisetyenziswe zeplastiki ezenzelwe ukunyangwa kwaye zichaza ukuba kutheni ezinye iipakethe zeplastiki zingafanele zilahlwe kwinkunkuma.
Evenkileni sayifumana igquma imifuno, inyama kunye netshizi.Iqhelekile kodwa ayinakuphinda isetyenziswe ngenxa yokuba kunzima ukulahla kwiindawo zokubuyisela izinto (MRFs).I-MRF ihlela, iipakethe kwaye ithengisa izinto eziqokelelwe kumakhaya, ii-ofisi kunye nezinye iindawo ngeenkqubo zoluntu nezabucala zokurisayikilisha.Ifilimu iye yalimaza izixhobo, ibangela ukuba umsebenzi uyeke.
Iiplastiki ezincinci, malunga nee-intshi ezi-3 okanye ngaphantsi, zinokubangela iingxaki xa ziphinda zisetyenziswe izixhobo.Iikliphu zengxowa yesonka, izisongelo zeepilisi, iibhegi ze-condiment ezilahlwayo- zonke ezi ndawo zincinci ziyaxinga okanye ziwe ezibhantini nakwigiya zomatshini we-MRF.Ngenxa yoko, baphathwa njengenkunkuma.Izifakeli zetamponi zeplastiki azikwazi ukuphinda zisetyenziswe, zilahlwa nje kude.
Olu hlobo lwepakethe yacandwa kwibhanti yokuhambisa ye-MRF kwaye yaphela ingalungiswanga kakuhle yaxutywa nephepha, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibhali lonke lingahlawuleki.
Nokuba iingxowa ziyaqokelelwa kwaye zohlulwe ngabahlaziyi, akukho mntu uya kuzithenga kuba akukabikho mveliso iluncedo okanye isiphelo semarike yolu hlobo lweplastiki okwangoku.
Ukupakishwa okuguquguqukayo, okufana neengxowa ze-potato chip, zenziwe kwiileya zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeplastiki, ngokuqhelekileyo kunye ne-aluminiyam.Akunakwenzeka ukuhlula ngokulula iileyile kwaye ubambe i-resin oyifunayo.
Ayinakuphinda isetyenziswe.Iinkampani eziresayikilisha ii-odolo ze-imeyile ezifana ne-TerraCycle zithi ziza kuthatha ezinye zezi zinto.
Njengopakisho olubhetyebhetye, ezi zikhongozeli zibeka umngeni kwiinkqubo zokurisayikilisha kuba zenziwe ngeendidi ezahlukeneyo zeplastiki: ileyibhile encangathi ekhazimlayo lolunye uhlobo lweplastiki, ikepusi yokhuseleko yenye, kwaye iigiya ezijikelezayo zolunye uhlobo lweplastiki.
Ezi ntlobo zezinto ezilungiselelwe inkqubo yokurisayikilisha.Izikhongozeli zomelele, azisicaba njengephepha, kwaye zenziwe ngeplastiki abavelisi abanokuthengisa ngokulula ngayo izinto ezifana neekhaphethi, iimpahla zoboya, kunye neebhotile zeplastiki ezingakumbi.
Ngokuphathelele iintloko, ezinye iinkampani zokuhlela zilindele ukuba abantu bazinxibe, ngelixa ezinye zifuna abantu bazikhulule.Oku kuxhomekeke ekubeni sesiphi isixhobo esikhoyo kwindawo yakho yokurisayikilisha.Izivalo zinokuba yingozi ukuba uzigcina zivulekile kwaye i-MRF ayikwazi ukuzibamba.Iibhotile ziphantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu ngexesha lokuhlelwa kunye nenkqubo yokupakisha, enokubangela ukuba ii-caps ziqhawule ngesantya esiphezulu, ezinokubangela ukulimala kwabasebenzi.Nangona kunjalo, ezinye ii-MRFs zinokuthatha kwaye ziphinde zisetyenziswe ezi caps.Buza ukuba likhetha ntoni na iziko lendawo yakho.
Iibhotile ezinee-caps okanye izivulo ezinobukhulu obufanayo okanye ezincinci kunesiseko sebhotile zinokuphinda zisetyenziswe.Iibhotile ezisetyenziselwa isicoci sempahla kunye neemveliso zokhathalelo lomntu ezifana neshampu kunye nesepha zinokuphinda zisetyenziswe.Ukuba incam yokutshiza iqulethe umthombo wesinyithi, yisuse kwaye uyilahle kwinkunkuma.Malunga nesinye kwisithathu sazo zonke iibhotile zeplastiki zigaywa ngokutsha ukuze zibe yimveliso entsha.
Ii-Flip top zenziwe ngohlobo olufanayo lweplastiki njengeebhotile zesiselo, kodwa ayizizo zonke ii-recyclers ezikwaziyo ukuzisebenzisa.Oku kungenxa yokuba imilo ye-clamshell ichaphazela ukwakheka kweplastiki, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuyibuyisela.
Unokuqaphela ukuba ukhuko kunye nezinye izikhongozeli ezininzi zeplastiki zinenombolo ngaphakathi kunxantathu ngotolo.Le nkqubo yamanani ukusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-7 ibizwa ngokuba yikhowudi yokuchongwa kweresin.Yaphuhliswa ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1980 ukunceda abaprosesa (hayi abathengi) ukuchonga uhlobo lwentlaka eyenziwe ngeplastiki.Oku akuthethi ukuba loo nto iya kuphinda isetyenziswe.
Zinokuphinda zisetyenziswe ecaleni kwendlela, kodwa hayi rhoqo.Yijonge kwangoko.Coca ibhafu phambi kokuba uyibeke etreyini.
Ezi zikhongozeli zidla ngokuphawulwa ngo-5 ngaphakathi kunxantathu.Iibhafu zenziwa ngomxube weeplastiki ezahlukeneyo.Oku kwenza kube nzima kubashicileli bezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ukuba baphinde bathengisele iinkampani ezingathanda ukusebenzisa uhlobo olunye lweplastiki kwimveliso yazo.
Noko ke, oku akusoloko kunjalo.Ulawulo lweNkunkuma, inkampani yokuqokelela inkunkuma kunye neyokuphinda isetyenziswe, yathi isebenze nomenzi owajika iyogathi, ukhilimu omuncu kunye neetoti zebhotolo kwiitoti zepeyinti, phakathi kwezinye izinto.
I-styrofoam, njengaleyo isetyenziswa ekupakisheni inyama okanye kwiibhokisi zamaqanda, ininzi yomoya.Umatshini okhethekileyo uyafuneka ukususa umoya kwaye udibanise izinto zibe patties okanye iziqwenga zokuthengiswa kwakhona.Ezi mveliso zinegwebu azinaxabiso elincinane kuba zincinane kakhulu izinto ezisalayo emva kokuba umoya ususiwe.
Izixeko ezininzi zase-US zithintele ugwebu lweplastiki.Kulo nyaka nje, amazwe aseMaine naseMaryland awise isithintelo kwizikhongozeli zokutya ezinepolystyrene.
Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iindawo zokuhlala zinezikhululo eziphinda zisebenzise i-styrofoam enokuthi yenziwe ibe yimbumba kunye neefreyimu zemifanekiso.
Iingxowa zeplastiki - ezifana nezo zisetyenziselwa ukusongela isonka, amaphephandaba kunye ne-cereal, kunye neengxowa zesandwich, iingxowa zokucoca ezomileyo, kunye neengxowa zegrosari - zibeka imingeni efana nefilimu yeplastiki xa kuthelekiswa nezixhobo zokuhlaziya.Nangona kunjalo, iibhegi kunye neempahla zokusonga, ezinje ngetawuli zephepha, zinokubuyiselwa kwivenkile yegrosari ukuze ziphinde zisetyenziswe.Iifilimu zeplastiki ezincinci azikwazi.
Iivenkile ezinkulu zegrosari kwilizwe liphela, kubandakanya iWalmart kunye neThagethi, zinemigqomo yeplastiki emalunga ne-18,000.Aba bathengisi bathumela iplastiki kubahlaziyi abasebenzisa imathiriyeli kwiimveliso ezifana nomgangatho welaminate.
Iileyibhile zeHow2Recycle zivela kwiimveliso ezininzi kwiivenkile zegrosari.Idalwe yi-Sustainable Packaging Coalition kunye nombutho ongenzi nzuzo wokubuyisela kwakhona obizwa ngokuba yiGreenBlue, ileyibhile ijolise ekuboneleleni abathengi ngemiyalelo ecacileyo malunga nokuphinda kusetyenziswe ukupakisha.UGreenBlue uthi kukho ngaphezu kwe-2,500 iilebhile ezijikelezayo kwiimveliso ukusuka kwiibhokisi zesiriyeli ukuya kwizicoci zesitya sezindlu zangasese.
IiMRFs ziyahluka kakhulu.Ezinye iimali ezihlangeneyo zixhaswa kakuhle njengenxalenye yeenkampani ezinkulu.Ezinye zazo zilawulwa ngoomasipala.Abanye ngamashishini amancinci abucala.
Izinto eziphinda zisetyenziswe ezahluliweyo zicinezelwa kwiibhali kwaye zithengiselwe iinkampani eziphinda zisebenzise imathiriyeli ukwenza ezinye iimpahla, ezifana nempahla okanye ifenitshala, okanye ezinye izikhongozeli zeplastiki.
Iingcebiso zokuphinda zisetyenziswe zinokubonakala zingenangqondo kuba ishishini ngalinye lisebenza ngokwahlukileyo.Banezixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neemarike ezahlukeneyo zeplastiki, kwaye ezi marike zihlala zivela.
Ukurisayikilisha lishishini apho iimveliso zisesichengeni sokuguquguquka kweemarike zemveliso.Ngamanye amaxesha kubanexabiso eliphantsi kubapakishi ukwenza iimveliso ngeplastiki enyulu kunokuthenga iplastiki esetyenzisiweyo.
Esinye sezizathu zokupakishwa kweplastiki eninzi kuphelela kwizitshisi, iindawo zokulahla inkunkuma kunye neelwandle kukuba ayenzelwanga ukuba iphinde isetyenziswe.Abaqhubi be-MRF bathi basebenza nabavelisi ukwenza ukupakishwa okunokuthi kuhlaziywe ngaphakathi kwesakhono senkqubo yangoku.
Kananjalo asirisayikilisheki kangangoko.Iibhotile zeplastiki, umzekelo, ziyimveliso enqwenelekayo kubahlaziyi, kodwa kuphela malunga nesithathu kuzo zonke iibhotile zeplastiki ziphela kwimigqomo yenkunkuma.
Oko kukuthi, hayi "i-loop yeminqweno."Sukulahla izinto ezifana nezibane, iibhetri, inkunkuma yezonyango, kunye namanabukeni omntwana kwiitoti zenkunkuma ezisecaleni kwendlela.(Nangona kunjalo, ezinye zezi zinto zinokuphinda zisetyenziswe kusetyenziswa inkqubo eyahlukileyo. Nceda ujonge ekuhlaleni.)
Ukurisayikilisha kuthetha ukuba ngumthathi-nxaxheba kurhwebo lwehlabathi olulahliweyo.Rhoqo ngonyaka urhwebo lwazisa amakhulu ezigidi zeetoni zeplastiki.Ngo-2018, i-China yayeka ukungenisa uninzi lwenkunkuma yeplastiki evela e-US, ke ngoku yonke ikhonkco lokuvelisa iiplastiki - ukusuka kwishishini leoli ukuya kwi-recyclers - iphantsi koxinzelelo lokuqonda ukuba yenzani ngayo.
Ukurisayikilishwa kukodwa akuyi kuyicombulula ingxaki yenkunkuma, kodwa abaninzi bayibona njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yesicwangciso esipheleleyo esiquka ukunciphisa ukupakishwa kunye nokutshintsha izinto ezisetyenziswayo kunye nezinto ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe.
Le nto yathunyelwa kuqala nge-21 ka-Agasti 2019. Le yinxalenye ye-NPR's "Plastic Wave" show, egxile kwimpembelelo yenkunkuma yeplastiki kwindalo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-31-2023